This may indicate the following: 1. Oftentimes, operators overtighten the packing gland in attempt to keep the packing from leaking. This can be the most difficult step in the process of packing a pump. Packing removal tools such as picks and corkscrew-type packing hooks typically have sharp ends. allow packing to leak freely starting up a newly packed pump. ... With a wrench, tighten each gland … If packing is not installed and seated properly, wear, heat increase, and … In continuation with previous article it is a guide in the usage of gland packings. Adjust the gland follower by turning the nuts 1/6 of a turn, one flat at a time, every fifteen minutes until you achieve an … The leakage that comes out the atmospheric side is fairly low; the leakage in a Hydrocarbon, for example, is measured by a VOC meter in parts/million.Before mechani… As cited in the Compression Packing Technical Manual published by the Fluid Sealing Association (FSA), the acronym STAMPS can be used to rememb… completely self-contained unit (including seal faces, flexible elements, seal gland plate, sleeve, and … Protecting assets with real-time condition data. When making adjustments to a packed pump, remember the following principle: Make adjustments that are proportional to the leakage rate. Some synthetic polymer materials, such as PTFE, are thermal insulators. A detailed procedure for gland packing on a centrifugal pump. It could take several rounds of investigation to identify the true root cause of a packing issue. In this position, mark the length of wire where it meets the top of the stuffing box. Correctly adjusted gland packing should be maintained with a leakage rate … can vary considerably. We invite your questions on sealing issues and will provide best efforts answers based on FSA publications. yes, mechanical seals give 100% leak seal, not like gland packing seals. Some form of sealing method must be put in place to minimize the leakage. Various types of materials such as metallic bushings, short lengths of split tubing and even cut lengths of corrugated cardboard can be used as tamping tools. However no common criteria for determining the replacement frequency or relating it to the packing … Packing cannot be 100% leak free. Built-in lubricants are gradually . There is usually a gasket in these seams. PTFE fibers or coatings exhibit relatively high thermal expansion. Several braid configurations, packing fibers and combinations of packing fiber materials are available. Packing … Check for signs of excess leakage or heat build-up. The amount of leakage is controlled by the packing gland (D). Materials such as carbon fiber and flexible graphite are effective heat conductors. Packing a pump is an acquired skill, like riding a bicycle. They typically require higher leakage rates so the frictional heat does not build up and result in burning of the packing. New packing requires a “break in” period of at least four hours of pump operation… How to calculate if the bolt material can handle gasket stress. Start pump and tighten gland nuts allowing liberal leakage. Adjust packing (Pumps) Take up gland nuts until finger-tight. ... permit the pump to leak generously through the packing rings for 10 to 15 minutes. Missed your issue of Pumps & Systems because you are not at work? Read more about this in our blog post that explains why your pump might be drawing too much power. For most braided pump packing, liquid leakage is absolutely necessary to provide lubrication and cooling of the sealing surface and ensure the seal's long life. Often in these harsh applications, the packing … The education is provided in the public interest to enable a balanced assessment of the most effective solutions to pump systems technology issues on rational Total Life Cycle Cost principles. Through the packing and shaft surface contact pressure, it prevents the medium leakage … If leakage stops abruptly, back off the gland and readjust to prevent packing … Next Month: How do expansion joints improve performance of mechanical seals? For more information, visit our website at: Chesterton.com A packing gland … in Gland Packing seal the Pump discharge pressure will force fluid back behind the impeller, where it attempts to exit by way of the rotating drive shaft. • Start the pump allowing a high initial leakage rate. All seals leak—they have to in order to maintain a fluid film over the entire mechanical seal face. Many, if not most, pumps … Poor pump packing procedure can lead to a range of negative impacts, such as pump sleeve damage. Leakage control can be complicated at these pressures because small adjustments of the gland bolts can cause drastic changes in leak rate and, subsequently, the frictional heat and operating temperature of the packing set. A mechanical seal is a device that is used to control leakage between a rotating shaft and a liquid- or gas-filled vessel. ... permit the pump to leak generously through the packing rings for 10 to 15 minutes. PREPARE FOR PUMP START-UP AND LEAKAGE This will greatly increase the packing life. Compression Packing Products were once used to seal visible leakage in valves and control leakage in pumps. Reduce leakage gradually by tightening gland nuts slowly until leakage reaches acceptable level. Fluid loss will increase as gland packing material begins to wear down and may impair regular lubrication or reduce ease-of-replacement. After leakage is reduced, further adjustments should be small. Mechanical seals are more durable than their predecessors and use multiple sealing points to nearly eliminate any leakage … Gland followers should be adjusted at regular intervals to maintain the recommended leakage flow rate. Cost of Product. Repacking equipment during a system outage is often performed under time constraints. © Copyright Cahaba Media Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. China, U.S., Japan, Germany and India will have highest revenue share. Readjust to the minimum leak-rate for that pump. … If an equipment manufacturer has not provided guidance or a specification, how do you decide what to use? At the beginning of the pump operation, loosen the gland nuts and allow the packing boxes to leak liberally. Tamping tools: split tubing, metallic bushings, cardboard. As you remove the rings from the stuffing box, try to keep the rings in removal order to best determine the failure mode. A.It is imperative to slowly adjust the gland-fol-lower after start-up to achieve the desired minimal leakage rate. The existing worn sleeve was left in place. packing, pump housing and process fluid. Centrifugal Pump Packing Seal Leakage Treatment Method - Better Technology CO., LTD. Bolting Considerations for Bolted Flange Joints, Part 2, Rotary Seals Market to Grow $1.88B From Water/Wastewater Demand, Combining Sealing Technologies Solves Paper Pulper Leakage, Bolting Considerations for Bolted Flange Joints, Part 1, Water@Work: Emerging Technology & The 2020 Impact, Centrifugal Pumps: The Condition Monitoring Comparison Guide, Replacing Metallic Wear Components with Composites in Centrifugal Pumps, Oil Moisture Measurement for Industrial Quality Control, In-depth articles on pump industry issues, Expert insights into important topics in the field. Labor to adjust gland pressure to maintain minimal leak rate from the stuffing box The best practice is to monitor changes at the stuffing box and . Many, if not most, pumps … The initial cost of Gland (Pump) Packing is low when compared to the costs associated with mechanical seal. Remove all old packing. Pingback: Fire Pump Packing Failures | Steven Brown & Associates, Hubbell Launches a New Line of Metron Fire Pump Controllers, Fire Pump Packing Failures | Steven Brown & Associates, Future Safety Features in Fire Pump Controllers – Master Controls, Check out this Impressive Fire Pump System Installation, Get Comprehensive Fire Protection in a Packaged Pump House. By following these two steps, you will help lengthen the service life of your pump. Allow packing to leak freely at first and gradually tighten gland to an allowable leakage rate. As you remove the rings from the stuffing box, try to keep the rings in removal order to best determine the failure mode. This decision focuses on the safety or environmental issues associated with leakage. The surface condition of the shaft or sleeve is critical since it is the moving surface that needs to be sealed. Attempts have been made by pump manufacturers to minimize this leakage through design, but the leakage won't be stopped entirely. Shaft Diameter Suggested Leakage Rates Replace packing when leakage can not be controlled by further take up of the gland. Even when leakage … On a 2.000”/50mm diameter … Take up gradually on the gland as the packing seats, until leakage … Learn the basics of wear components and their role in system operation in this white paper. What Are the Fine Points of Pump Packing Installation and Adjustment? The concept of compression packing is fairly simple: squeeze a compressible material into a gap to create a seal. A mechanical seal, and more specifically a double mechanical seal, should always be used when the pumped fluid presents a safety, health, or environmental hazard. Reduce leakage gradually by tightening gland nuts slowly until leakage reaches acceptable level. Remember to remove these tools before the next ring is installed! They are especially important to measure if the pump has a history of problems maintaining proper flush operation. The gland follower should always be adjusted evenly so that a uniform load is applied to the packing surface and the gland follower will not become "cocked" and cause metal-to-metal contact with the spinning shaft. When frictional heat is generated between the packing and the high speed shaft, these materials will effectively conduct the heat out to the body of the pump. Every 20 minutes, tighten the packing gland nuts, one flat at a time until the leakage has been reduced to about 60 drops per minute… replace the packing … built-in lubricant or the packing itself is completely densified the effectiveness of the packing is lost and replacement is required. The packing seal is the most commonly used seal type of slurry pumps, it is composed by packing ring, packing sleeve, packing, packing gland, stud bolts and nuts. Shaft Diameter Suggested Leakage Rates Replace packing when leakage can not be controlled by further take up of the gland. Take this opportunity to check the equipment condition and do some record keeping to make the job easier the next time the equipment needs to be serviced. Adjust at 15 minute intervals. Allow packing to leak freely at first and gradually tighten gland to an allowable leakage rate. 10. However no common criteria for determining the replacement frequency or relating it to the packing … A packing gland … Through the packing and shaft surface contact pressure, it prevents the medium leakage … allow packing to leak freely starting up a newly packed pump. The surface finish of the shaft should be in the range of 16 to 32 μin Ra. Adjusted too tight, the packing dries out, heats up and usually causes a scored shaft, which then produces a rapid rate of packing wear. Garlock compression packing … If the pump is spraying large amounts of leakage, then large adjustments can be made until the leakage is controlled in the form of a small, steady stream. built-in lubricant or the packing itself is completely densified the effectiveness of the packing is lost and replacement is required. Its main responsibility is to control leakage. There are two principal paths that leakage can take out of the stuffing box: Various packing materials respond differently to adjustment. This will appear as a concentrated jet of leakage on the outside of the gland follower in the area of the seam. If a flush injection is used, measure the length of the lantern ring and the location of the flush port. By keeping in mind the fine points of a few key principles, the chances of success are greatly increased. Liquid should not be allowed to leak from the stuffing box at the rate of 30 to 60 drops per minute. If adjustments are made too quickly, frictional heat may build to a point where it spirals out of control and causes the packing to fail. Q.Is it important to adjust bolt tension on gland-fol-lower after pump start-up? Chapter 4 Fire Pumps 89 Program for Individual Systems Suction piping shall be fl ushed at a fl ow rate not less than indicated in Table 14.1.1.1(a) [Exhibit 4.1] and Table 14.1.1.1(b) [Exhibit 4.2] of NFPA … Check rings for the following: Embedded Solids See if the solids are embedded in all the rings. Poor pump packing procedure can lead to a range of negative impacts, such as pump sleeve damage. The gland nuts should be tightened excessively in case of pumps with gland packing. Learn how early adopters are benefitting from emerging technology as well as the impact COVID-19 has had on water management. However, packing is designed to allow some leakage to keep the seal area properly lubricated. Your extreme care is required to successfully reduce leakage below this amount. During this process, the packing is seating and beginning to function. Find out which technologies work best to keep centrifugal pumps from causing downtime in critical industrial processes. The shaft should be resurfaced or the sleeve should be replaced if significant wear is seen. Overtightening packing is the most common cause of failure. It could take several rounds of investigation to identify the true root cause of a packing issue. After the gland packing has been inserted in the pumps (both reciprocating and rotary) the pump must be allowed to run with a moderate leakage for ten minutes and after that start tightening the nuts one turn … This pump minimizes leakage with a Mechanical Seal. Allow 24 hours break-in time. Instead, get to the bottom of it! A shaft-stabilizing bushing, noncontact air seal and vertical labyrinth bearing isolator eliminated excessive leakage from a pulper, ended repeat failure of a gearbox, and minimized shaft movement. START-UP PUMP Tighten the gland nuts EQUALLY ½ “Flat” at a time. For most braided pump packing, liquid leakage is absolutely necessary to provide lubrication and cooling of the sealing surface and ensure the seal's long life. Please direct your questions to: sealingsensequestions@fluidsealing.com. Proper Pump Packing Installation. You should typically have one drip per second continually, even with the pump not operating. Oftentimes, operators overtighten the packing gland in attempt to keep the packing from leaking. A correctly adjusted gland will always have small leakage … A short length of wire can be used to measure the flush port location. If you’re looking for information on how to properly make a packing gland adjustment, you’ve come to the right place! Often in these harsh applications, the packing … The packing was injected until a drip rate of 10-15 drops per minute was achieved. Centrifugal Pump Packing Seal Leakage Treatment Method - Better Technology CO., LTD. Split case pumps typically have two seams that run axially along the length of the stuffing box. Packing that has a high  PTFE content should be monitored more closely at start-up. A leakage rate of 10 drops per hour or less per seal is considered an acceptable leak rate for mechanical seal pumps manufactured in our North American or European facilities. Please note: This process may require two to three hours. Adjust the followers one flat or ¾ of a turn every 30 minutes or until the leakage is controlled. Do not overtighten. USING PACKING AS A SEAL. The bore diameter surface is not a moving surface, but it still needs to be sealed. The testing characteristics of ductile and brittle bolting materials. External flush fluid leak rate from the stuffing box to ... 3. A detailed procedure for gland packing on a centrifugal pump. Axial scratches and pitting on the shaft or sleeve can quickly damage the sealing surface. Mechanical Seals primarily prevent leakage around the Shaft of a pump … Install packing correctly. Signs that the packing has failed include increased leakage, smoke at the stuffing box or uncontrolled leakage at the gland. 9. A mechanical seal, and more specifically a double mechanical seal, should always be used when the pumped fluid presents a safety, health, or environmental hazard. Choosing the correct one can be intimidating and confusing. By choosing the appropriate material and following the fine points of sound installation and adjustment principles, a long lasting, robust, reliable seal can be achieved in some of the most demanding services. Packing … The opportunity to see inside the stuffing box does not happen often. ... After the break-in period, the leakage rate … Results: After a week of installation, the pump was inspected for leakage, and the drip rate was below 10-15 drops per minute without pump … completely self-contained unit (including seal faces, flexible elements, seal gland plate, sleeve, and … Title: TECHNICAL INFORMATION BULLETIN No Author: Sterling Created Date: 5/8/2006 11:23:40 AM 9. leakage rate as shown in the table below. The seam of each successive ring should be offset by 90 deg. Several minutes should pass before the next adjustment is made. Garlock compression packing … NSPL PUMP SEAL DESIGN ( API 682) Based on API 682, all mechanical seal shall be cartridge design. Adjust packing (Pumps) Take up gland nuts until finger-tight. A mechanical seal is a device that is used to control leakage between a rotating shaft and a liquid- or gas-filled vessel. Safety-conscious operators service the pump and replace the packing at regular intervals. USING PACKING AS A SEAL. Often in these harsh applications, the packing … Tag the removal order of each ring and bag up each packing sample, noting the date and MTBF. amount and cosmetic visibility of the leakage will vary from pump to pump. Take up gradually on the gland as the packing seats, until leakage … Resist the temptation to simply remove a few rings of packing that are near the top of the stuffing box. This cools the shaft … Q.Is it important to adjust bolt tension on gland-fol-lower after pump start-up? Use small incremental adjustments — one flat wrench turn at a time) on the gland nuts as the packing seals itself and leakage is reduced to the level needed for for the selected material class. One acronym commonly used as a guideline when making a packing selection is STAMPS. https://www.stevenbrownassociates.com/blog/fire-pump-packing-failures The predicted leak rates from different gasses (He, N 2 , Ar) are compared to those measured experimentally, in which the set of packing rings is mainly subjected to different gland … A leakage rate of 10 drops per hour or less per seal is considered an acceptable leak rate for mechanical seal pumps manufactured in our North American or European facilities. Allow 24 hours break-in time. Mechanical seals are more durable than their predecessors and use multiple sealing points to nearly eliminate any leakage … If the gasket has receded into the seam, it can result in a direct leak path. Overtightening is the most common cause of packing … Braided packings can usually tolerate slight wear in the form of smooth shallow waviness that is uniform around the circumference of the shaft or sleeve surface. 22. Start pump and tighten gland nuts allowing liberal leakage. Every 20 minutes, tighten the packing gland nuts, one flat at a time until the leakage has been reduced to about 60 drops per minute. Gland Packing … Turn on the gland water for a few minutes, then run the pump for about 30 minutes. The selection of appropriate packing, the cutting methods like straight and angular, the means to extract the old … Packing a pump is an acquired skill, like riding a bicycle. Its main responsibility is to control leakage. Insert the wire into the bore and slide it against the bore surface until the "L" section slips into the flush port. Check to ensure the gasket is cut to create a smooth surface to the inside of the stuffing box. 23. Packing cannot be 100% leak free. Excessive leakage during the first hour of operation will result in a better packing job over a longer period of time. Attempts have been made by pump manufacturers to minimize this leakage through design, but the leakage won't be stopped entirely. The packing gland, which is adjustable, should not be over tightened. When adjusting pump packing, the goal is to arrive at the lowest acceptable leak rate while maintaining thermal equilibrium. This may indicate the following: 1. Excessive leakage during the first hour of operation will result in a better packing job over a longer period of time. Check rings for the following: Embedded Solids See if the solids are embedded in all the rings. When adjusting pump packing, the goal is to arrive at the lowest acceptable leak rate while maintaining thermal equilibrium. Packing should be cut into individual rings so that the cut ends come together without a gap when they are inserted in the stuffing box. After adjustment, the leakage rate will usually be reduced. Correctly adjusted gland packing should be maintained with a leakage rate of approximately 1-drop per minute of sealed product per inch/25mm of outside diameter of shaft. Through advancements in materials, design and technology, Garlock is now able to seal the most difficult fugitive emissions and eliminate pump leakage entirely. Leakage control can be complicated at these pressures because small adjustments of the gland bolts can cause drastic changes in leak rate and, subsequently, the frictional heat and operating temperature of the packing set. Sealing Sense is produced by the Fluid Sealing Association as part of our commitment to industry consensus technical education for pump users, contractors, distributors OEMs, and reps. As a source of technical information on sealing systems and devices, and in cooperation with the European Sealing Association, the FSA also supports development of harmonized standards in all areas of fluid sealing technology. Do not increase heat. Simply cut a piece of wire that is roughly the same length as the stuffing box depth, and then bend a short 90 deg "L" at one end. Often in these harsh applications, the packing … After the break-in period, the leakage rate can be controlled to 10 to 12 drops per minute per inch of shaft sleeve diameter. Our blog today looks at the proper procedures for packing gland adjustments which will help extend the service life of your fire pump. As each ring is inserted, it should be seated firmly into the bottom of the stuffing box before the next ring is installed. Frictional heat will then increase, and the temperature will rise during the next several minutes. Some form of sealing method must be put in place to minimize the leakage. Establishing the Proper Flush Set-Up In order to establish the proper flush set-up, you … Measure and record key dimensions such as shaft diameter, bore diameter and box depth. Under normal working conditions a slight drip from the gland under pressure assists in cooling and lubricating the packing. … This will give a rough measurement of depth at which the flush port enters the stuffing box (see Figure 1). Title: TECHNICAL INFORMATION BULLETIN No Author: Sterling Created Date: 5/8/2006 11:23:40 AM This decision focuses on the safety or environmental issues associated with leakage. Identifying common failure modes of pump packing. ... install the gland follower and run the gland nuts up finger tight only. Do not overtighten. We have over 50 years combined experience in the fire pump sales and service industry, and we can help you with whatever service need you may have. All seals leak—they have to in order to maintain a fluid film over the entire mechanical seal face. Safety-conscious operators service the pump and replace the packing at regular intervals. Install the proper flush set-up (see next page) and start flushing the stuffing box. As the temperature rises, the material will expand and result in a tightening and further reduction of the leakage rate. Thermal expansion determines how much the packing material will grow when it is heated. Tag the removal order of each ring and bag up each packing sample, noting the date and MTBF. If leakage stops abruptly, back off the gland and readjust to prevent packing … If you run into issues with making a packing gland adjustment or you’re looking for a packing replacement, don’t hesitate to call the experts here at Steven Brown & Associates. Axial scratches can create direct paths for leakage to the environment. This month's Sealing Sense was contributed by FSA Member Chris Boss. 10. A.It is imperative to slowly adjust the gland-fol-lower after start-up to achieve the desired minimal leakage rate. ... With a wrench, tighten each gland … However, packing is designed to allow some leakage to keep the seal area properly lubricated. • After running the packing in for 15-30 minutes, begin tightening the gland nuts one flat at a time until the desired leakage … Leak-rate capabilities can vary, but rates of eight to 10 drops per minute per inch of shaft diameter are common. One-sixth of a turn on the gland nuts (one flat) can have a significant effect. Take care to ensure they do not damage the shaft and bore surfaces as they are used. Even when leakage … The packing seal is the most commonly used seal type of slurry pumps, it is composed by packing ring, packing sleeve, packing, packing gland, stud bolts and nuts. These last two measurements can be used to ensure proper alignment of the lantern ring with the flush port. When frictional heat is generated, these materials tend to retain the heat and concentrate it near the shaft surface. The leakage that comes out the atmospheric side is fairly low; the leakage in a Hydrocarbon, for example, is measured by a VOC meter in parts/million.Before mechani… Why use a Mechanical Seal? amount and cosmetic visibility of the leakage will vary from pump to pump. What are the best practices for sealing equipment with high thermal expansion? If packing is not installed and seated properly, wear, heat increase, and … Read more about this in our blog post that explains why your pump might be drawing too much power. Compression Packing Products were once used to seal visible leakage in valves and control leakage in pumps. Leakage control can be complicated at these pressures because small adjustments of the gland bolts can cause drastic changes in leak rate and, subsequently, the frictional heat and operating temperature of the packing set. 16. Two key material properties determine how a packing will respond to compressive adjustment: thermal conductivity and thermal expansion. Through advancements in materials, design and technology, Garlock is now able to seal the most difficult fugitive emissions and eliminate pump leakage entirely. NSPL PUMP SEAL DESIGN ( API 682) Based on API 682, all mechanical seal shall be cartridge design. Fluid loss will increase as gland packing material begins to wear down and may impair regular lubrication or reduce ease-of-replacement. Proper installation and adjustment can make the difference between the success and failure of a packed pump. Leakage control can be complicated at these pressures because small adjustments of the gland bolts can cause drastic changes in leak rate and, subsequently, the frictional heat and operating temperature of the packing set. If the pump uses a flush injection and lantern ring be sure to remove the lantern ring and the packing below it. The predicted leak rates from different gasses (He, N 2 , Ar) are compared to those measured experimentally, in which the set of packing rings is mainly subjected to different gland … At the beginning of the pump operation, loosen the gland nuts and allow the packing boxes to leak liberally. This will help maintain a more even compressive load throughout the depth of the packing set. Overtightening is the most common cause of packing failure. The red pump in the nearby cutaway does not have rows and rows of Packing in the Stuffing Box. Signs that the packing has failed include increased leakage, smoke at the stuffing box or uncontrolled leakage at the gland. Feel the packing gland (be careful of the rotating shaft) to see if the packing gland is too … Thermal conductivity determines how fast heat will travel through the material. If adjustments are made carefully, with time allowed in between adjustments, the packing can reach an acceptable leakage rate without overheating. Figure 2. A volute casing pump with a circumferential speed at the sealing area of 20 m/s and a pressure to be sealed of 15 bar which uses a gland packing for sealing has a leakage rate of … Install packing correctly.
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